Now scientists are studying the biology and physics of consciousness. Dr. J. . Perpich at the 1998 Mental Illness Conference featuring other speakers such as Vice President Al Gore, stated that "there are 80-100,00 genes of which half are devoted to the nervous system. Half! . The neurosciences are the last frontier of human biology." It would be logical to ask why scientists have discovered the code of life but not of the brain and it is not implausible that it could be a classified project for military purposes. The famous scientist Albert Einstein wrote a letter to the President of the United States telling him of new scientific discoveries that could be used for stopping Hitler. This led to the development of the atomic bomb. The idea of a classified mind control project is not far-fetched. Many scientists have discussed its importance, see previous CAHRA [now Mind Justice] articles.The 1954 book "The Roger Adams Symposium" by Brode et al page 5, is a good example of the international level of science as follows. "So, when General MacArthur asked for a six-man scientific committee to come to Japan to advise him on the reorganization of Japanese science on a democratic basis, Roger Adams was the man who headed it. The committee spent a strenuous summer in Japan, visiting and studying both industries and universities. Their report to General MacArthur was so significant that a new committee of six, of which Roger Adams was again a member, was asked to come to Japan in 1948 to survey and report upon the progress that the Japanese had made."
The 1969 book, "Intellectual Migration" by Donald Fleming described the discovery of the atomic secrets and there is surely a similar story for the discovery of the code of the brain. It cannot be explained in one sentence but the evidence below supports this 'at first glance, crazy idea'. The evidence is convincing. Page 158,
In 1934 Szilard conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction producing a violent explosion and actually took out a patent on the process (partly secret and assigned to the British government). But he had not hit upon the right element for sustaining a reaction and everybody else learned of the discovery of nuclear fission in uranium. Szilard, who had settled in New York in 1937, now undertook a three-pronged campaign-to get English, French and American scientists to clamp a tight lid of security on their research in this field; to demonstrate that with uranium a chain reaction would really work; and above all to impress upon the American government the importance of getting an atomic bomb before Hitler. In this cause, he drafted and induced Albert Einstein to sign the famous letter of August 1939 warning Franklin D. Roosevelt of the possibility of such a bomb-the letter that triggered the (initially very modest) efforts of the United States in that direction. Szilard himself eventually became a member of the team at the University of Chicago that built the atomic pile, the device for producing a controlled chain reaction that he had envisioned from the beginning.Like Einstein's theory of the atom, the theory of electromagnetic radiation began in the 1930s. I.I. Rabi, Nobel prize winner was quoted in a Washington Post 1939 article headline, " We're all radio stations, Columbia Scientists Report, All Atoms, in Humans or in Steel, Found to Emit and Receive Long Waves".
" Every living thing on earth is a radio broadcasting and receiving set unconsciously sending out and receiving long-wave wireless messages." Professor I.I. Rabi, Dr. P Kusch and Dr. S. Millman of Columbia University told the American Association for the Advancement of Science today that all atoms, whether part of the heart tissue of man or a piece of steel, constantly emit radio waves which can be detected and measured. Even death of an animal organism does not mean the stopping of activity, they said, since the atoms which form part of the living cell continue to emit radiation after the organism as a whole has ceased to function. The Columbia scientists measured these radio waves from atoms for the first time and found them similar to the action of visible light though the waves are much shorter and can be detected only by delicate apparatus. The method was used also in exact studies of the nucleus of the atom. All nuclei of atoms and the particles which surround them spin much like a toy top. The spinning is irregular, the particles of the atoms jumping with the speed of light from one point to another. "The radio waves which we have studied are emitted when the atoms pass from one of these states to another." they said. In their experiments, the Columbia scientists measured these radio waves with an accuracy 10,000 times better than has ever before been achieved, by shooting particles of atoms at high speed between two magnets.Rabi was chairman of the original Science Advisory Committee from 1953 to 1957 and a member of PSAC until 1968 . He was assistant director of the MIT radar lab and worked on classified radar research during WWII. An article by Allan A. Needell entitled " I.I. Rabi, Lloyd V. Berkner and the American Rehabilitation of European Science, 1945-1954"stated that " Following the war, Rabi, with J. Robert Oppenheimer, was among the most influential participants in the debate over the control of postwar American atomic energy policy." The article continues,
"[Rabi was ] chairman of the "Scientific Adviser to the Policy Council" of the Pentagon's Joint Research and Development Board (JRDB). .Among its duties was to advise the service secretaries (after 1948 the secretary of defense) on issues of long-term planning as well as the implications of scientific and technological advances for military strategy." .The advisers assisted the founders of the Central Intelligence Group (forerunner of the CIA) in staffing a scientific intelligence branch."The scientists in the 1940s up to the present have been strategizing on national security and science policy. Needell's article continues,
"One of four specific recommendations on intelligence operations made by the Rabi-led committee was to increase "the number of U.S. scientific personnel overseas, either as members of formal missions under the auspices of the Departments of National Defense or State, or through exchange agreements worked out directly with foreign universities. .It also supported establishing close relations between the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and the so-called London Mission for the Exchange of Industrial Technology, which, renamed the London Science Mission in 1947, came under the jurisdiction of the U.S. State Department."Top US scientists from the 1940s were monitoring scientific discoveries and no doubt knew of Russian developments of electromagnetic technology, especially in light of the microwave bombardment of the U.S. Embassy from 1953 on, see section below.
Needell's article continued,
In January 1949 President Truman formally approved National Security Council Intelligence Directive 10 (NSCID), which assigned to the Department of State "primary responsibility for the collection abroad for all government agencies of information in the basic sciences." Lloyd Berkner was named to direct a detailed study of science-related organization in 1949. Berkner began a survey of the "International Flow of Scientific Information" and enlisted the National Academy of Sciences (to which he had recently been elected) and its government service arm, the National Research Council. Berkner appointed Rabi to an advisory committee. Detlev Bronk selected Rabi to serve on the National Research Council Committee (NRC). "T he NRC committee quickly endorsed establishing and staffing science missions in major foreign embassies throughout the world."Needell continued,
" The Berkner Report was devoted to.advance American national security interests. Berkner remarked in 1950 that " while the unclassified portion [of the recent report] has been designed to stand alone, it should be considered as a cover for the classified section. Although the secret section to which he referred cannot be located in State Department files, Berkner hints that science could be profitably tapped to accomplish the political goals of the United States and that "according to his proposal, the State Department would have a [scientifically knowledgeable] 'staff' or a monitoring function in relation to [our] diverse interests. .Berkner explained, he meant that, while traveling, scientists could be briefed prior to their departure and debriefed upon their return. "The debriefing," he emphasized, "should be handled carefully by scientists in such a way as not to suggest that the information is to be used merely in the nationalistic sense."Needell's article concluded that
" Berkner and Rabi remained close associates on matters of national security for years to come. Each contributed to important studies for national security agencies. Instead, many scientists became concerned with promoting their influence within the U.S. government and, more generally, building an institutional framework for cooperation between government and outside experts. .More fundamental was the deep commitment of American scientists to working, often in secret, for the government."Rabi is one of nine scientists for the 1996 book "The Story of MRI" from Bar-Ilan University Press. The book jacket states, "Rabi played a key role in propagating the "new physics" [new quantum mechanics] to his American colleagues. His 1937 discovery of magnetic resonance in molecular beams earned him the 1944 Nobel Prize in physics for his resonance method or radiofrequency spectroscopy. Another of the nine scientists was Edward M. Purcell, a nuclear physics Nobel prize winner and the book discussed his government scientific advisory role.
A.G. Gurvich, founder of a leading Soviet school of biophysics made similar discoveries in Russia in 1920s and 30s. Vernadsky worked with Gurvich. Vernadsky quotes were used in Russian scientific journals. A famous Russian military slogan based on Vernadsky's work was "He who controls the entire electromagnetic spectrum will dominate the world". See CAHRA [now Mind Justice] website, EIR Special Report 1988.
To place some of these scientists who "deepened man's comprehension of the atom" in a hierarchy they received the votes by a Fortune magazine poll. Seventeen Nobel laureates chose among 74 Nobel prize winners, who might be regarded as "immortal". Rabi, Bohr and Schroedinger, mentioned in sections of this paper were clearly the top scientists of their time.
Albert Einstein 17 votes
Niels Bohr 14
Ernest Rutherford 11
Enrico Fermi 11
Werner Heisenberg 10
Max Planck 9
P.A.M. Dirac 9
H.A. Lorentz 6
J.J. Thomson 6
Wolfgang Pauli 6
Erwin Schrodinger 6
Wilhelm K Rontgen 4
Robert A. Millikan 3
Ernest O. Lawrence 3
I.I. Rabi 3
World class scientists form 1950s biology-physics groups:
the Jasons, the phage group, Biophysical Society, Cybernetics Group and Teleological SocietyGregg Herken dedicated his 1992 book to "Isidor Isaac Rabi, physicist, patriot, science adviser" This book abundantly described the politics involve in the PSAC, a presidential advisory board. Here are a few telling excerpts.
The Jasons had their roots in a secret 1958 Pentagon-funded undertaking known as Project 137, an attempt by the Defense Department to attract new talent to the study of military problems. .[were] given the code name Project Sunrise. (The moniker Jason, which the scientists themselves selected, apparently derived from the Greek temple appearing on IDA's (Institute for Defense Analysis) logo.) .it was agreed that while the task force would be headed by Army Lieutenant General Alfred Starbird, Kistiakowsky and several Jasons would also be members. To ensure that work on the [electronic] barrier remained, in McNamara's words, "high-priority, top secret, and low profile," the task for was assigned the misleading title "Defense Communications Planning Group."There are numerous examples of the classified scientific defense projects in the 1960s to the present time. Science advisors and top government officials are using national security to classified the conferences and meetings on what technology to develop and how to use it. Rabi continued to offer advice and counsel to the government, including suggestions "to build bigger satellites and a warning to Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara not to use nuclear weapons in Vietnam in 1968".
Sidney Drell, a Jason wrote the 1993 book "In the Shadow of the Bomb Physics & Arm Control.". He wrote this in his preface, page xii,
"The bonds between JASON members and the academic communities that were our home base were also severely tested during the Vietnam War years. On many campuses, working for a Defense Department that was "doing all those awful things" in Southeast Asia was de facto evidence ofevil deeds. With varying intensity, some were personally attacked-I was confronted on several occasions, and once thrown out of a classroom in Europe-for "supping with the devil." Many defense consultants, including JASONs felt the strain of having to keep part of our lives secret and off limits to discussions and questions, while working with our students and colleagues in the very open scientific world in which we enjoy the full and open exchange of ideas and the public scrutiny that is traditional and cherished in our purely scientific activities."
These examples are great illustrations of the mentality of that period. Detlev W. Bronk, on the PSAC wrote an article in Science Vol. 186, Oct. 11, 1974 and stated, " It was the beginning of 12 years during which there was strong support of science by Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy."
In the book by Herbert York, "Making Weapons, Talking Peace, A physicist's Odyssey from Hiroshima to Geneva", York stated that the Jasons became a division of SRI and Mitre. Jack Ruina who headed the NSA, was a Jason in 1964 and " examined the possible impact of new technologies on national security." " Jason pioneered work in beam weapons of all kinds." Nicholas Christofilos was a Jason and proposed ."Sanguine", constructing a very low frequency radio system for communicating with totally submerged submarines.
Dr. Herbert York, currently Emeritus of the Institute on global Conflict and Cooperation was heavily involved in government consulting in ARPA, among other government agencies. In an email to Dr. York dated 7-99, about electromagnetic weapons as described in the 1970 UN documents authored by the Russians (see CAHRA [now Mind Justice] website) and human experimentation, he replied in part,
"There has been much work since the late '50s on the production of EMP in nuclear explosions on and the effects of EMP on Computers, guidance systems and communications systems, and there have been attempts for more that twenty years to develop weapons using these effects against enemy missiles/aircraft. Despite a lot of work they have not been very fruitful. To my knowledge, there has been no serious work in the US on using EMP to "target the brain,."But the question did not ask about EMP or electromagnetic pulse to target the brain. Time will tell if Dr. York is using a national security answer. It would seem so unlikely that a top science adviser would not know of a large program to develop emr (electromagnetic radiation) weapons as indicated by the history and large numbers of victims world wide presented in this paper.
In 1956 the Biophysical Society formed. It was oriented toward the study of radiation. Members included this long list of notable scientists. H. P Schwan, Otto H. Schmitt, Claude Shannon, ("The most powerful and pervasive development in communications in this century has been Shannon's discovery of information theory [in] 1948, excerpt from book, "Age of Electronics, Lincoln Lab Decennial Lectures" by Overage, 1962.) In an interview of Shannon by Omni Magazine, Aug. 1987, he stated, ". applying information theory to biological systems may not be so farfetched, because in his view common principles underlie mechanical and living things."), Kenneth Cole, Alan Hodgkin, Norbert Weiner, MIT W. R Adey, UCLA, the James Watson and Francis Crick (discovery of DNA), Erwin Schrodinger, (founder of quantum mechanics), Georg Von Bekesy and other actual or potential Nobel laureates.
There was also t he 'phage' group of physicists and biologists who met and discussed physics and biology in the 1940s and 50s. This group included James Watson, Leo Szilard and Hans Delbruck. The Fleming book described how Watson had read Schrodinger's book "What is Life" and discussions of physics and biology included notable scientists such as Salvador Luria, and Gunther Stendt.
Steven J. Heims wrote the book, "Cybernetics Group" and stated the following.
"Another group of physicists displayed their self-confidence after the war by invading the traditional domain of biology, proposing to unravel the code-script embodied in the genes as suggestion in Erwin Schrodinger's widely read book with the enticing title What is Life? (1944). A dedicated group of researchers who became known as the "phage group" formed around Max Delbruck and Salvador Luria and gathered in the summers at Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island: t hey were as narrowly goal-oriented as the designers of the atom bomb had been during the war. In this group young researchers obtained the training and orientation thateventually led to the discovery of the structure of the DNA molecule and creation of the new discipline of molecular biology."
This would be worth researching further as these top scientists were discussing the ideas of the time.
Many of the same 'phage group' and 'biophysical society' scientists attended the Josiah Macy (CIA funded) conferences on neurology in the 1940s and 50s. Some of the conferences are still classified according to author Steve Heims. John Neuman, Norbert Weiner, William McCulloch, neurologist, John Lilly M.D.; the connections are numerous. Dr. Lilly was Chief, Section of Cortical Integration, Neurophysiological Laboratory, Research Branche, National Institute of Mental Health. Lilly authored an experiment entitled, "Experiments in Solitude, in Maximum Achievable Physical Isolation with Water Suspension, of Intact Healthy Person," Psychophysiological Aspects of Space Flight, New York: Columbia University Press 1961. Dr. McCulloch described a trip to Europe for the U.S. Office of Naval Research looking for medical discoveries and stated that Dr. Lilly was failed to show up. See McCulloch, Warren S.(1965)."Embodiments of Mind" M.T.T. Press.
Here is an excerpt from Heims, Steven.(1991). Cybernetics Group. MIT
Preface. "The subject of this book is the series of multidisciplinary conferences, supported by the Macy Foundation and held between 1946 and 1953, to discuss a wide array of topics that eventually came to be called cybernetics." Pg. 11. .included several mathematicians (Norbert Wiener, John von Neumann), engineers (Julian Bigelow, Claude Shannon), a neuropsychiatrist (Warren McCulloch), and a polymatic genius (Walter Pitts). Some members of this group had proposed that their concepts useful in engineering and biology,. For lack of a better collective name we shall refer to this group as the cyberneticians, although they would neverhave used this term themselves. ."Fremont-Smith[Josiah Macy Foundation] was so cautious that I got the impression he was anxious to keep something private- . Much later I learned of the CIA involvement, .(the Macy Foundation's records have not been open for researchers). At the Macy meetings, as the unedited transcript shows, the political conditions were discussed explicitly from time to time. Some participants were government consultants who worked on "classified" topics kept secret from other researchers; their priorities were such that they skipped attendance at the conferences whenever the government called.
MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology: a possible classified electromagnetic weapon technology location, similar to the Manhattan Project's, University of Chicago football field location
One research lead is the following. MIT's NPR (Neuropsychiatic Research) Associates included W.Ross Adey, Brain Research Institute, UCLA, Theodore H. Bullock, Gerald M. Edelman, Robert Galambos, David Hubel, Seymour S. Kety, William H. Sweet (refer to experiment section above) and Paul Weiss. These are world class scientists exchanging ideas on a global level in the 1950s and 1960s.
And from Steven Heims, "Cybernetics Group" book, Pg. 256 ,here is a profound statement by Gregory Bateson, a famous anthropologist once married to Margaret Mead, (Mead also attended Macy meetings.). "I looked up Bateson in Sea Life Park in 1968. I had written to him in connection with my interest in the history of the Macy cybernetics meetings. His response was, " There is certainly a piece of scientific history to be dug out of these meetings-I believe more profound and dramatic than The Double Helix."
Pamela McCorduck wrote the 1979 book "Machine Who Think". This section increases the likelihood of a Manhattan Project, University of Chicago, under the foot ball field location for labs to develop the bomb, at MIT. Much more research needs to be done, but it is plausible.
Page 68. They were all connected: Wiener, Shannon, McCulloch, Turing, von Neumann. They were connected by friendship, by proximity, by their fascination with the dawning possibility that tools were finally at hand for understanding at least some aspects of human thought, which up to then had frankly eluded anything but proof by assertion. I don't mean that we can declare a direct lineal descendancy from one generation of researchers to the next. Turing, with his appreciation of the rich possibilities of organizational and functional comparisons between human brains and the computer-as opposed to comparisons at the cell level. . Those concerned [with the Information Processing Model] were open-eyed people-the Ratio Club in London, the Teleological Society, and the Macy meetings in the United States- all devoted to the mathematical analysis of the nervous system (and as Wiener notes, you cannot study the nervous system without studying the mind.)And again, from the McCorduck book is an example top scientists meeting in groups and discussing the brain. Page 66. He [John von Neuman] had joined in December 1944 with Howard Aiken, the Harvard-based co-inventor of the Mark 1 computer, and with Norbert Wiener the cyberneticist, Walter Pitts, the logician, and Warren McCulloch the neurophysiologist, to form something called The Teleological Society, to discuss "communication engineering, the engineering of control devices, the mathematics of time series in statistics, and the communication and control aspects of the nervous system."
In the 1988 book Embodiments of Mind, Warren McCulloch wrote on page 3, " .in 1952, I went to the Research Laboratory of Electronics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology to work on the circuit theory of brains. Granted that I have never relinquished my interest in empiricism and am chiefly interested in the condition of water in living systems-witness the work of my collaborator, Berendsen, on nuclear magnetic resonance."
Christophe Lecuyer, Stanford University wrote in HSPS, 23:1 (1992), "The making of a science based technological university: Karl Compton, James Killian, and the reform of MIT, 1930-1957". On page 156 Lecuyer wrote, MIT's war effort brought a spectacular growth of research programs and the rise of Federal patronage. MIT's continued acceptance of federal sponsorship during the postwar years, along with the technological revolution and the general expansion in higher education at the time, accelerated reforms initiated in the 1930s. These combined developments brought MIT to the forefront of the elite research universities, expanded its research budget and its graduate school, led to even greater emphasis on science in engineering curricula, to an enlargement of its field of activities and to the development of new science-based technologies on a grand scale. These changes permanently eroded the boundary between MIT and industry.Dr. Lilly was also present for the 1960s UCLA Brain Research Institute Conferences with Dr. Ross Adey and Dr. William H. Sweet of violence studies notoriety in Boston, Massachusetts. One conference was entitled "Conference on Neurobiological Basis of Behavior. May 1-14 1964, UCLA Institute for Brain Research. The book "Simulations of God, The Science of Belief" by Dr. John C. Lilly, 1956, describes his contact with L.J. West of CIA and LSD experiments. Dr. Karl Pribram, Stanford University Professor and author of the holography theory of the brain collaborated with Dr. Lilly It is easy to imagine the talk of classified brain research among those who probably had security clearances. (See CAHRA [now Mind Justice] website, code of the brain article.)
A possible scientific basis for the key to consciousness
" Informational Bioelectromagnetics" by David Copson, 1982 is an excellent book for understanding this topic. Even more importantly, the author states the possible scientific basis for the mind control technology. Copson noted the importance of Dr. S.J. Webb and "his 'expose' of exquisitely sensitive, bioelectromagnetic communication between precisely-controlled external millimeter waves with the very machinery of life in cells." He describes the1956 formation of the Biophysical Society included Claude Shannon, Francis Crick who was the co-discoverer of DNA, Erwin Schrodinger, Georg von Besky and Norbert Weiner, to name a few, (See previous CAHRA [now Mind Justice] article, Code of the Brain). On page 236, Copson quotes Arthur von Hippel in The Molecular Designing of Materials and Devices. MIT Press,1965. Dr. von Hippel was Professor of Electrophysics at MIT, recipient of the Presidential Certificate of Merit in 1948, fellow of the AAAS and more. "Since nature designs everything from atoms, we should be able to create with foresight any feasible kind of material and device if we understood the Periodic System in all its implications." " .the intriguing concepts of biomolecular engineering and dielectromagnetics will be mentioned briefly. The former recognizes the possibility that biomolecules may be combined into materials in which the characteristics and performance are predictable from a knowledge of the molecular properties, particularly of their constants such as the dielectric constant, the semiconductivity, and related electrophysical properties. "
The term dielectro-magnetic engineering actually arises from the two areas under discussion, dielectrics and electromagnetics. The dielectrics part of this is explained by the quotation that opens this chapter and suggests the kind of information in the Periodic System that Dr. von Hippel had in mind- a kind of electrical or dielectrical reaction to applied forces and processes, varying with the element. The author once observed that with a fully classified and utilized electromagnetic spectrum, one might select frequencies to satisfy defined requirements in a process. Then by resorting to the device which delivers this specific energy in the form required, one could obtain some truly sophisticated solutions to process problems." ( Please note, this fundamental law of science could be the basis for mind control technology. See previous CAHRA [now Mind Justice] papers. This fundamental law of science has been stated by many others from 1940s through the 1990s.)
Copson continued, "The term dielectromagnetic engineering combines aspects of von Hippel's enthusiasm for the Periodic System of the Elements with the author's respect for the electromagnetic spectrum. It is then obvious that neither sentiment is justified fully without the other. The conclusion for education in the future is that the study of materials and electromagnetic energy interactions and especially of dielectric processes will need much more emphasis. As if to connect these lines of thought we have the fact that it was the early work in spectroscopy following Nils Bohr's dynamic model of the atom that established the basic physical terms of the Periodic System of the Elements."
The 1965 book "The Molecular Designing of Materials and Devices" by Arthur von Hippel included chapters on biology such as "Sensory Coding in the Nervous System" by Walter A. Rosenblith, Professor of Biophysics, MIT and attendee of the Josiah Macy conferences mentioned above. The physicists and biologists, neurologists and medical professions were exchanging ideas including electromagnetic radiation and brain interactions.
It be plausible that his work might have been applied to the biological applications of a theory of the brain, similar to Einstein and the theory of the atom applied to the atomic bomb.
Here is an email to the Bulletin Of Atomic Scientist, Frank von Hippel, Arthur's son in an excerpted email below asking about his father, "Maybe you can answer a short
question. Your father was quoted by David Copson in 1982 in "Informational Bioelectromagnetics". I am interested in researching how the government decoded the brain in a highly classified program beginning in the 1940s, for military, intelligence and
psyops purposes. Your father's basic theories on material science is slightly related If you would have any information on this." On 8-21-99 Dr. von Hippel's son replied . Here is an excerpt. " I am unaware of this controversy. I also doubt that my father would have been involved in any psychological research. But if you have any information that he was and can forward it to me, I will be happy to see what I can find out. Frank von Hippel Center for Energy and the Environment Princeton University" Victims cannot expect scientists to reveal national security secrets.
The book "The Cold War and American Science: The Military -Industrial-Academic Complex at MIT and Stanford", by Stuart Leslie, 1993 stated that Arthur von Hippel was a German refugee and there were significant documents at the Rockefeller Foundation Archives on his work. Rockefeller Foundation was interested in his work and MIT offered him an appointment in electrical engineering in 1936, (page 190).
Fleming's book discussed Niels Bohr's interest in biology. Niels Bohr was a Nobel prize winner. " He did not deny, he said in 1929, that biology was a 'fruitful' field for the application of physics and chemistry. Just as we do not need to distinguish, in principle, between the current in a water pipe and the flow of blood in the vessels, no more should we expect, beforehand, any profound fundamental difference between the propagation of sense impressions in the nerves and the conduction of electricity in a metal wire."
Russia & East Block say nonthermal emr biological effects proven, U.S. says no
H.P. Schwan was a German scientist who came to the US under a military recruitment program after the war. He has worked at the University of Pennsylvania on numerous government contracts and was a major contributor to the first health and safety standards for electromagnetic radiation, established by the US government. In Physical Properties of Biological Matter: Some History, Principles, and Applications by Herman P. Schwan, 1982. ".Rajewsky and I had published a paper on the conductivity of erythrocytes, reporting, for the first time, dielectric measurements on biological materials extending up to 1,000 MHz. [ See above,Russian history section for Rajewsky]. .I mention all of these things to indicate the decisive role that the Navy and NIH played. Navy support has been available to me, in one form or another, ever since 1947, and NIH support since 1952.
The book continues, "While a young physics student, financial problems forced me to interrupt my studies until I found employment as an electronics technician at the Oswalt Institute for Physics in Medicine, now the Max Planck Institute for Biophysicscell membranes are not likely to be affected directly by microwaves since fields of interest can only apply potentials across the membranes that are vanishingly small in comparison with potentials needed to yield significant membrane responses. And significant responses of biopolymers require field strength levels very much higher than those causing undue heating. These arguments have not been directly challenged so far [not true, See Adey above]. Schwan has worked extensively in the biomedical engineering field. He has claimed up to the 1990s that the nonthermal effects of electromagnetic radiation have not been proven. Schwan holds this opinion to this day. His March 22, 2000 email response to the issue of classified electromagnetic, neurological weapons stated. "I am not aware of military antipersonnel weapons using em radiation. There was alot of talk about it some years ago. I believe the potential for such weaponry is small since em radiation field strength decreases inversely with the distance square in the "distant" field."
Many scientists such as Dr. Ross Adey, who worked for years at NASA's Space and Biology Lab, believe otherwise and experienced the cutoff of funding of his nonthermal electromagnetic radiation research early in his career and in the 1980s he made this comment to a congressional hearing. From AP May 1988 Moscow Embassy newspaper article cited under international politics section above.
"Since the early 1980s, however, federal government support for non-ionizing radiation bioeffects research has declined markedly. W. Ross Adey, a leading researcher based at the Veteran's Administration Medical Center in Loma Linda, Calif., told a House subcommittee last Oct. 6 that current levels of government funding -now about $7 million a year- are "disastrously low."" There is reason to believe that this situation has arisen in part through a well-organized activity on the part of major corporate entities from the consumer and military electronic industries to discredit all research into athermal biological and biomedical effects," Adey said.
Louis Slesin, editor of Microwave News, a newsletter covering the non-ionizing radiation research field, said that "what is clear is that Soviet researchers are extremely interested in the effects of this kind of radiation."
Schwan's theory is still officially endorsed in safety standards by the U.S. government. In light of lawsuits claiming cancer and other health effects caused by electromagnetic radiation, the government policy of nonthermal effects of electromagnetic radiation makes sense. The U.S. military is the major funder and user of radar and electromagnetic technology. .
The scientific basis of the bioeffects of electromagnetic radiation at levels below heating of tissue is supported by many scientists but economic and political forces have changed the course of science and as a result the issue of health effects of electromagnetic radiation is controversial to this day. It can be shown that from the 1940s through the 1990s the history of electromagnetic research is based on theoretical foundations that are standing the test of time. (See International article, CAHRA [now Mind Justice] website). The 1979 excerpt by V.L. Issraelyan, Representative of the USSR to the Committee on Disarmament actually stated the following. " Assessments quoted in international literature of the potential danger of the development of a new weapon of mass destruction are based on the results of research into the so-called "non-thermal" effects of electromagnetic radiation on biological targets. "
Here is an example by A. S. Presman of Russia. The nonthermal effects of electromagnetic radiation theory is accepted in east block countries. A.S. Presman of the Department of Biophysics, Moscow University, Moscow wrote "Electromagnetic Fields and Life" published in 1970. He began his research on the effects of electromagnetic fields on living organisms in the 1950s. In the forward, Presman wrote "Experimental investigations and theoretical considerations suggest that EMFs can have a significant biological action only when their intensity is fairly high and that such action can be due to only one process-conversion of the electromagnetic energy to heat. Yet there is an increasing amount of reliable experimental data which indicate that EMFs can have nonthermal effects and that living organisms of diverse species -.are extremely sensitive to EMFs".
Presman included a quote by V.I. Vernadskii, 1926 in the introduction.(Please see previous CAHRA [now Mind Justice] articles citing Vernadskii as father of the Soviet Bomb). Vernadskii stated: " Only a few of the invisible radiations are known to us at presently. We have hardly begun to realize their diversity and the scrappy nature and inadequacy of our knowledge of the radiations which surround us and pass through us in the biosphere, and to understand their basic roles in the processes going on around us, a role which is difficult to comprehend by minds accustomed to other conceptions of the universe." "We are surrounded and penetrated, at all times and in all places, by eternally changing, combining and opposing radiations of different wavelengths-from ten millionths of a millimeter to several kilometers."
The book "Electromagnetic Fields" by B. Blake Levitt, 1987, is good overview of the controversy surrounding electromagnetic fields, from a health standpoint. Levitt is listed in Who's Who of American Women and her work most often appeared in the New York Times before her bookwriting. Page 387 concluded the following. " The nonionizing band of the electromagnetic spectrum will probably turn out to be far more significant than anyone heretofore imagined. There is a distinct possibility, for instance, that entrainment phenomenon, resonance relationships, and other reactions to nonionizing electromagnetic fields will prove to be a critical, but hidden, variable in all scientific research."
This is a complex topic and the facts are becoming clearer as the same patterns emerge. The facts are verifying the claims of victims of nonconsensual experimentation. Another independent source to substantiate the nonthermal theory of electromagnetic radiation is an article in Trial 8-90 page 32, by Bruce H. DeBoskey entitled "Non-Ionizing Radiation: Hidden Hazards". It summarizes the litigation surrounding prolonged exposure to NIEMR or non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation. This is a good reference article and it demonstrates the difficulty involved in court cases filed by victims. The article stated "t he potential for hazards from NIEMR has long been known to the industries involved." " .Some industries have been funding research designed to show the absence of harm to workers or the general public."
The EMR, (electromagnetic radiation), nonthermal controversy is being handled by the government in the same way as the defoliant Agent Orange used in the Vietnam war in which there were charges by veterans of the health effects of Agent Orange for years. This is an example of the government's use of lack of scientific evidence to cover up the toxic effects of Agent Orange in order to avoid lawsuits. Time 8-9-93, p51 headline read, "Reversing previous finding, experts link Hodgkin's disease, among other, to the Vietnam-era defoliant." The article continued, ".A study by the Centers for Disease control concluded in the late 1980s that the link between Agent Orange and various cancers was too tenuous to prove. Only 1,000 of the 39,000 claims made would be paid out. Last week, a 16-member panel of experts assembled by the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine.", a link to cancer was made. It has been an ongoing battle". It was recently reported in the Sacramento Bee Nov. 1, 1998 p. A4 that there is proof that the U.S. military withheld information about possible links between Agent Orange and birth defects, and downplayed the defoliant's link to cancer.
There are many more examples that could be given such as the history of the radiation victims fight for justice. The government is knowingly carrying out a policy in order to avoid compensation costs. The Vietnam veterans risked their lives in the Vietnam war and the U.S. government should be punished for the way that the agent orange vets were treated. The radiation victims were treated the same way and there is a lesson for the current victims. It is important to realize that victims must actively fight for their rights because for many reasons there is no help for this type of problem in our society today.
The medical community's use of nonthermal electromagnetic radiation effects
From Harlan Girard of the International Committee On Offensive Microwave Weapons, here are three medical conferences featuring electromagnetic technology. The first example has information on the website for NextMed2 is at http://www.amainc.com/nextmed.html. It is at Boston April 9-11, 1999 and the program chair is Cdr Shaum B Jones MD of DARPA or Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Lectures included topics such as " The Inner Universe of the Mind, Insights from Neurobiology and "Replacement Parts for the Brain".
The second conference is ElectroMed99 April 12-14, 1999 in Norfolk Virginia at www.ece.odu.edu/~emed99 entitled Nonthermal Medical/Biological Treatments
Using Electromagnetic Fields and Ionized Gases. The conference description stated in part, "Electrical pulses with duration down to less than one billionth of a second but at voltages exceeding ten thousand volts allow us to explore and utilize
electrical interactions with biological cells without heating the tissue. The high frequency components in the ultrashort pulses have been shown to provide a pathway to the interior of cells. Pulsed, high power microwave and millimeter wave sources allow us to explore and utilize nonlinear processes on the molecular level, with the potential to modify molecular structures, such as DNA, selectively. Harlan Girard pointed out, E. Postow of the National Institutes of Health was on the Program Committee of ElectroMed99. He was also editor of a tribute to H. P. Schwan, see above, nonthermal controversy section.
Third, NIH ( National Institute of Health) and the Air Force are represented at a workshop on " Therapeutic Benefits of Electromagnetic Fields". by the Bioelectromagnetics Society in Washington DC on Feb. 12, 1999. Speeches included " The Use of MW Technology for Remote Physiological Measurements", Henry Kues, PhD., Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University and " Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Treatment of Mood Disorders", Andrew M. Speer, MD Senior Staff Fellow, NIMH, Biological Psychiatry Branche.
Example: We're All Radio Stations
New York Post
Friday, December 29, 1939
We're All Radio Stations,
Columbia Scientists ReportAll Atoms, in Humans or in Steel, Found
to Emit and Receive Long WavesCOLUMBUS, Ohio, Dec. 29 (AP).--Every living thing on earth is a radio broadcasting and receiving set unconsciously sending out and receiving long-wave wireless messages.
Professor L L Rabi, Dr. P. Kusch and Dr. S. Millman of columbia University told the American Association for the Advancement of Science today that all atoms, whether part of the heart tissue of man or a piece of steel, constantly emit radio waves which can be detected and measured.
Even death of an animal organism does not mean the stopping of activity, they said, since the atoms which form part of the living cell continue to emit radiation after the organism as a whole has ceased to function.
The Columbia scientists measured these radio waves from atoms for the first time and found them similar to the action of visible light, though the waves are much shorter and can be detected only by delicate apparatus.
The method was used also in exact studies of the nucleus of the atom.
All nuclei of atoms and the particles which surround them spin much like a toy top. The spinning is irregular, the particles of the atoms jumping with the speed of light from one point to another. "The radio waves which we have studied are emitted when the atoms pass from one of these states to another," they said.
In their experiments, the Columbia scientists measured these radio waves with an accuracy 10,000 times better than has ever before been achieved, by shooting particles of atoms at high speed between two magnets.